Wound and Definition

Wounds are divided into two: open and closed. Open wounds are bleeding wounds where body integrity is disrupted and there is contact with the external environment. There are many types of cuts, lacerations, puncture wounds, abrasions, and bullet wounds. Closed wounds are injuries in which tissues are damaged and blood flows out of the circulatory system, not the body, even if the body integrity is not impaired. They may appear as bruises or edema under the skin, or they may not show any external symptoms.

Limited damage caused by external effects on the human body is defined as a wound. Surgical incisions, traffic and industrial accidents are external effects that cause wounds. Wounds are diagnosed and localized according to signs of disruption of skin and tissue integrity, bleeding, deformity, organ dysfunction and pain.

Wounds are divided into three groups according to their severity: simple superficial wounds, minor wounds and severe wounds. Depending on their appearance, they are called abrasions, bruises, bruises, tears, splits, cuts, punctures, burns, scalds, and necrosis.

During the healing of a simple wound, small vessels first dilate, the permeability of the capillary wall increases, and serum and leukocytes pass to the injured area. The fibrin network formed at the edge of the wound not only covers that area, but also helps stop bleeding by blocking the small blood vessels that have been opened. The contraction ability and strength of fibrin brings the wound edges closer together. Over time, connective tissue cells at the wound edges proliferate and settle on the fibrin network. With enzyme activity, fibrin turns into collagen and scar tissue forms and the wound closes (primary wound healing). Wounds that do not heal spontaneously require medical intervention (secondary wound healing).

In surgery, the wound created by the surgical incision is stitched again and the wound edges are brought together. In medicine, this is called perprimum wound healing. Stitches in such wounds are removed on the seventh day. In some wounds, wound edges may remain separate for any reason. In these, repair begins at the bottom of the wound, tissue forms and the wound edges shrink. Thus, the scar tissue closes the wound. This type of wound healing is called persecundum type. Traffic, industrial accidents and war wounds are these types of wounds and are very dirty. They often arrive at surgical clinics late. The tissue is in poor condition and often contains foreign objects. Very tight bandages applied during the first aid process, disruption of wound circulation due to bandages, malnutrition, excessive fluid loss in the body, starvation, liver cirrhosis, low fibrinogen and albumin in the blood, and diseases that suppress the immune system cause a delay in wound healing.

If many wounds that occur on the body for various reasons are not treated, they may lead to systemic problems, permanent scars, and movement disorders due to contractures in the future. Therefore, burn-wound treatment is very important for both health and old skin structure.

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Wound Types and Causes

1. Cut Wounds: It occurs as a result of damage to the deep layers of the skin with a sharp object. Knife cuts or glass injuries are examples of such wounds.
2. Burns: Burns occur as a result of damage to the skin by factors such as heat, chemicals or radiation. Burns are classified as graded (first degree, second degree, third degree).
3. Pressure Sores (Ulcers): These are wounds that occur as a result of damage to the skin due to prolonged immobilization or pressure. Also known as bed sores.
4. Traumatic Injuries: These are wounds that occur when the skin is damaged as a result of accidents or blows. Fractures or contusions are examples of such wounds.

Medical names for wounds can often vary depending on the cause or characteristics of the wound. Here are the medical names of some common wound diseases:

• Cut: A wound caused by cutting the skin by a sharp object.
• Abrasion: A superficial wound caused by damage to the skin as a result of friction or abrasion.
• Burn: A wound resulting from damage to the skin by factors such as temperature, chemicals or sunlight.
• Puncture Wound: A wound caused by the penetration of an object under the skin.
• Wound Inflammation (Cellulite): A condition that causes swelling, redness and pain around the skin as a result of the wound becoming infected.
• Pressure Sore: Damage to the skin due to pressure applied to a certain area for a long time.
• Ulcer: An open wound or lesion that usually occurs in internal organs such as the stomach or intestines.

1. Wound Formation and Description

• Description and common causes of wound
• Wound types (cut, burn, pressure ulcer, etc.)

2. Wound Formation and Healing Process

• Stages of the wound healing process (inflammation, granulation, epithelialization)
• Factors affecting the healing process (age, nutrition, infections)

3. The Importance of Wound Care

• Cleaning and risk of infection
• The impact of wound care on early healing

4. Wound Treatment Methods

• Treatment methods used to accelerate healing
• Traditional methods (antiseptics, bandages)
• Advanced methods (NPWT, laser therapy, tissue engineering)

5. Wound Care and Basic Principles

• Wound cleaning and disinfection
• Wetting the wound surface and bandage selection
• Regular wound care

6. Treatment Approaches According to Wound Types

• Treatment of cut wounds
• Treatment of burn wounds
• Treatment of pressure ulcers and bedsores

7. Factors That Promote Wound Healing

• The relationship between nutrition and wound healing
• The effect of smoking on wound healing
• Stress and wound healing

8. Alternative and Complementary Wound Treatments

• The role of herbal products and natural medicines
• Acupuncture, massage and other alternative treatment methods

9. Things to Consider in Wound Care

• Patient education and continuing wound care at home
• Situations when wound care should be done in consultation with a specialist

10. Conclusion and Recommendations

• Summary of important information about wound formation and treatment
• It is recommended that you conduct further research on the personal health importance of wound care.

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